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Blockchain technology has been gaining great interest from a variety ofsectors, including healthcare, supply chain and cryptocurrencies. However,Blockchain suffers from its limited ability to scale (i.e. low throughput andhigh latency). Several solutions have been appeared to tackle this issue. Inparticular, sharding proved that it is one of the most promising solutions toBlockchain scalability. Sharding can be divided into two major categories: (1)Sharding-based Proof-of-Work (PoW) Blockchain protocols, and (2) Sharding-basedProof-of-Stake (PoS) Blockchain protocols. The two categories achieve a goodperformances (i.e. good throughput with a reasonable latency), but raisesecurity issues. This article attends that analyze the security of the secondcategory. More specifically, we compute the probability of committing a faultyblock and measure the security by computing the number of years to fail.Finally, to show the effectiveness of the proposed model, we conduct anumerical analysis and evaluate the results obtained.

Sharding-Based Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Protocols: Security Analysis