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Energetic particles may have been important for the origin of life on Earthby driving the formation of prebiotic molecules. We calculate the intensity ofenergetic particles, in the form of stellar and Galactic cosmic rays, thatreach Earth at the time when life is thought to have begun ($\sim$3.8Gyr ago),using a combined 1.5D stellar wind model and 1D cosmic ray model. We formulatethe evolution of a stellar cosmic ray spectrum with stellar age, based on theHillas criterion. We find that stellar cosmic ray fluxes are larger thanGalactic cosmic ray fluxes up to $\sim$4 GeV cosmic ray energies $\sim$3.8Gyrago. However, the effect of stellar cosmic rays may not be continuous. We applyour model to HR 2562b, a young warm Jupiter-like planet orbiting at 20au fromits host star where the effect of Galactic cosmic rays may be observable in itsatmosphere. Even at 20au, stellar cosmic rays dominate over Galactic cosmicrays.

Stellar versus Galactic: The intensity of energetic particles at the evolving Earth and young exoplanets