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While electromyography (EMG) and magnetomyography (MMG) are both methods tomeasure the electrical activity of skeletal muscles, no systematic comparisonbetween both signals exists. Within this work, we propose a systemic in silicomodel for EMG and MMG and test the hypothesis that MMG surpasses EMG in termsof spatial selectivity. The results show that MMG provides a slightly betterspatial selectivity than EMG when recorded directly on the muscle surface.However, there is a remarkable difference in spatial selectivity fornon-invasive surface measurements. The spatial selectivity of the MMGcomponents aligned with the muscle fibres and normal to the body surfaceoutperforms the spatial selectivity of surface EMG. Particularly, for the MMG'snormal-to-the-surface component the influence of subcutaneous fat is minimal.Further, for the first time, we analyse the contribution of differentstructural components, i.e., muscle fibres from different motor units and theextracellular space, to the measurable biomagnetic field. Notably, thesimulations show that the normal-to-the-surface MMG component, the contributionfrom volume currents in the extracellular space and in surrounding inactivetissues is negligible. Further, our model predicts a surprisingly highcontribution of the passive muscle fibres to the observable magnetic field.

Investigating the spatial resolution of EMG and MMG based on a systemic multi-scale model