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Modern communication devices are often equipped with multiple wirelesscommunication interfaces with diverse characteristics. This enables exploitinga form of multi-connectivity known as interface diversity to provide pathdiversity with multiple communication interfaces. Interface diversity helps tocombat the problems suffered by single-interface systems due to error bursts inthe link, which are a consequence of temporal correlation in the wirelesschannel. The length of an error burst is an essential performance indicator forcyber-physical control applications with periodic traffic, as these define theperiod in which the control link is unavailable. However, the availableinterfaces must be correctly orchestrated to achieve an adequate trade-offbetween latency, reliability, and energy consumption. This work investigateshow the packet error statistics from different interfaces impacts the overalllatency-reliability characteristics and explores mechanisms to derive adequateinterface diversity policies. For this, we model the optimization problem as apartially observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP), where the state of eachinterface is determined by a Gilbert-Elliott model whose parameters areestimated based on experimental measurement traces from LTE and Wi-Fi. Ourresults show that the POMDP approach provides an all-round adaptable solution,whose performance is only 0.1% below the absolute upper bound, dictated by theoptimal policy under the impractical assumption of full observability.

Performance trade-offs in cyber-physical control applications with multi-connectivity