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Three-dimensional (3D) artificial metacrystals host rich topological phases,such as Weyl points, nodal rings and 3D photonic topological insulators. Thesetopological states enable a wide range of applications, including 3D robustwaveguide, one-way fiber and negative refraction of surface wave. However,these carefully designed metacrystals are usually very complex, hindering theirextension to nanoscale photonic systems. Here, we theoretically proposed andexperimentally realized an ideal nodal ring in visible region using a simple 1Dphotonic crystal. The pi Berry phase around the ring is manifested by a 2pireflection phase's winding and the resultant drumhead surface states. Bybreaking the inversion symmetry, the nodal ring can be gapped and the pi-Berryphase would diffuse into a toroidal shaped Berry flux, resulting in photonicridge states (the 3D extension of quantum valley Hall states). Our resultsprovide a simple and feasible platform for exploring 3D topological physics andtheir potential applications in nanophotonics.

Ideal Nodal Rings of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals in the Visible Region