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Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques can help in scaling theachievable air-to-ground (A2G) channel capacity while communicating withdrones. However, spatial multiplexing with drones suffers from rank deficientchannels due to the unobstructed line-of-sight (LoS), especially inmillimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies that use narrow beams. One possiblesolution is utilizing low-cost and low-complexity metamaterial-basedintelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) to enrich the multipath environment,taking into account that the drones are restricted to fly only withinwell-defined drone corridors. A hurdle with this solution is placing the IRSsoptimally. In this study, we propose an approach for IRS placement with a goalto improve the spatial multiplexing gains, and hence to maximize the averagechannel capacity in a predefined drone corridor. Our results at 6 GHz, 28 GHzand 60 GHz show that the proposed approach increases the average rates for allfrequency bands for a given drone corridor, when compared with the environmentwhere there are no IRSs present, and IRS-aided channels perform close to eachother at sub-6 and mmWave bands.

Channel Rank Improvement in Urban Drone Corridors Using Passive Intelligent Reflectors