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Line-of-sight (LoS) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems exhibitattractive scaling properties with increase in carrier frequency: for a fixedform factor and range, the spatial degrees of freedom increase quadraticallyfor 2D arrays, in addition to the typically linear increase in availablebandwidth. In this paper, we investigate whether modern all-digital basebandsignal processing architectures can be devised for such regimes, given thedifficulty of analog-to-digital conversion for large bandwidths. We proposelow-precision quantizer designs and accompanying spatial demultiplexingalgorithms, considering 2x2 LoS MIMO with QPSK for analytical insight, and 4x4MIMO with QPSK and 16QAM for performance evaluation. Unlike prior work, channelstate information is utilized only at the receiver (i.e., transmit precoding isnot employed). We investigate quantizers with regular structure whose high-SNRmutual information approaches that of an unquantized system. We prove thatamplitude-phase quantization is necessary to attain this benchmark; phase-onlyquantization falls short. We show that quantizers based on maximizingper-antenna output entropy perform better than standard Minimum Mean SquaredQuantization Error (MMSQE) quantization. For spatial demultiplexing withseverely quantized observations, we introduce the novel concept of virtualquantization which, combined with linear detection, provides reliabledemodulation at significantly reduced complexity compared to maximum likelihooddetection.

All-Digital LoS MIMO with Low-Precision Analog-to-Digital Conversion