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Over the last decades, cognitive psychology has come to fair consensus aboutthe ontological structure of human intelligence. However, it remains an openquestion, whether anatomical properties of the brain support the same ontology.The present study explored the ontological structure derived fromneuroanatomical networks associated with performance in 15 cognitive tasksindicating various abilities. Results suggest that the brain-derived(neurometric) ontology is partly consistent with the cognitiveperformance-derived (psychometric) ontology. However, there are interpretableand complementary differences as well. Moreover, the cortical areas associatedwith different inferred abilities are segregated, with little or no overlap.Nevertheless, these spatially segregated cortical areas are integrated viadenser white matter structural connections as compared with the general brainconnectome. The integration of ability-related cortical networks constitutes aneural counterpart to the psychometric construct of general intelligence, whilethe consistency and differences between psychometric and neurometric ontologiesrepresent crucial pieces of knowledge for theory building, clinical diagnosticsand treatment.

What do neuroanatomical networks reveal about the ontology of human cognitive abilities?