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The notion of Virtual Power Plant (VPP) has been used many times in lastyears in power systems and for several reasons. As a general trend, thebehavior of a classic synchronous generator is to be emulated for a class ofconventional grid components like, e.g., renewable generators or/and powerelectronic units. Most of the times production of these units is of interest,as it is the case for the new AGC scheme of Spain which, from this point ofview, looks like a VPP. However, dynamic aspects are of high importance,especially for increasing the actual rate of penetration of Renewable EnergySources (RES). Indeed, to go above the actual rate of RES penetration, oneshould deal with full participation of RES to grid services. For that, wepropose here a new concept called Dynamic VPP (DVPP) which fully integrates thedynamic aspects at all levels: locally (for each RES generator), globally (forgrid ancillary services and interaction with other neighbor elements of thegrid) and economically (for internal optimal dispatch and participation toelectricity markets). A DVPP is a set of RES along with a set of control andoperation procedures. This means methodologies for: choosing the participatingRES, optimal and continuous operation as a whole (especially in case of loss ofnatural resources - e.g., wind, sun - on a part of the DVPP), regulation (inthe dynamic sense) to ensure local objectives for each generator, participationto ancillary services of the DVPP as a unit and to diminish negative effects ofinteraction with neighbor dynamics elements of the power system, integration inboth actual power systems scenarios (with mixed classic and power electronicsbased generation) and future ones with high degree of RES penetration.

Dynamic Virtual Power Plant: A New Concept for Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources