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Galaxies and groups of galaxies exist in dark-matter halos filled withdiffuse gas. The diffuse gas represents up to 80\% of the mass in baryonicmatter within the halos(1,2), but is difficult to detect because of its lowdensity (particle number densities of $\lesssim10^{-4}$\,cm$^{-3}$) and hightemperature (mostly greater than $10^{6}$\,K). Here we analyze the impact ofdiffuse gas associated with nearby galaxies using the dispersion measures (DMs)of extragalactic fast radio bursts (FRBs). FRB DMs provide direct measurementsof the total ionized-gas contents along their sightlines. Out of a sample of474 distant FRBs from the CHIME/FRB Catalog 1(3), we identify a subset ofevents that likely intersect the dark-matter halos of galaxies in the localUniverse ($<40$\,Mpc). The mean DM of the galaxy-intersecting FRBs is largerthan the non-intersecting DMs with probability $>0.99$ and the excess DM is$>90$\,pc\,cm$^{-3}$ with $>95\%$ confidence. The excess is larger thanexpected for the diffuse gas surrounding isolated galaxies, but may beexplained by additional contributions from gas surrounding galaxy groups,including from the Local Group. This result demonstrates the predicted abilityof FRBs to be used as sensitive, model-independent measures of the diffuse-gascontents of dark-matter halos(4-7).

The observed impact of galaxy halo gas on fast radio bursts