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To cope with the explosive traffic growth of next-generation wirelesscommunications, it is necessary to design next-generation multiple accesstechniques that can provide higher spectral efficiency as well as larger-scaleconnectivity. As a promising candidate, power-domain non-orthogonal multipleaccess (NOMA) has been widely studied. In conventional power-domain NOMA,multiple users are multiplexed in the same time and frequency band by differentpreset power levels, which, however, may limit the spectral efficiency underpractical finite alphabet inputs. Inspired by the concept of spatialmodulation, we propose to solve this problem by encoding extra information bitsinto the power levels, and exploit different signal constellations to help thereceiver distinguish between them. To convey this idea, termed power selection(PS)-NOMA, clearly, we consider a simple downlink two-user NOMA system withfinite input constellations. Assuming maximum-likelihood detection, we deriveclosed-form approximate bit error ratio (BER) expressions for both users. Theachievable rates of both users are also derived in closed form. Simulationresults verify the analysis and show that the proposed PS-NOMA outperformsconventional NOMA in terms of BER and achievable rate.

Next-Generation Multiple Access Based on NOMA with Power Level Modulation