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Satellite networks are expected to support global connectivity and servicesvia future integrated 6G space-terrestrial networks (STNs), as well as privatenon-geostationary satellite orbit (NGSO) constellations. In the past few years,many such private constellations have been launched or are in planning, e.g.SpaceX and OneWeb to name a few. In this article we take a closer look at theprivate constellations and give a comprehensive overview of their features. Wethen discuss major technical challenges resulting from their design and brieflyreview the recent literature addressing these challenges. Studying the emergingprivate constellations gives us useful insights for engineering the futureSTNs. To this end, we study the satellite mobility and evaluate the impact oftwo handover strategies on the space-to-ground link performance of four realprivate NGSO constellations. We show that the link capacity, delay, andhandover rate vary across the constellations, so the optimal handover strategydepends on the constellation design. Consequently, the communications solutionsof future STNs should be compliant with the constellation specifics, and theSTN standards need to be flexible enough to support satellite operation withthe large parameter space observed in the emerging private constellations.

Towards Global and Limitless Connectivity: The Role of Private NGSO Satellite Constellations for Future Space-Terrestrial Networks