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Thermal convection of fluid is a more efficient way than diffusion to carryheat from hot sources to cold places. Here, we experimentally study theRayleigh-B\'enard convection of aqueous glycerol solution in a cubic cell withsuspensions of rod-like particles made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Theparticles are inertial due to their large thermal expansion coefficient andfinite sizes. The thermal expansion coefficient of the particles is three timeslarger than that of the background fluid. This contrast makes the suspendedparticles lighter than the local fluid in hot regions and heavier in coldregions. The heat transport is enhanced at relatively large Rayleigh number($Ra$) but reduced at small $Ra$. We demonstrate that the increase of Nusseltnumber arises from the particle-boundary layer interactions: the particles actas ``active'' mixers of the flow and temperature fields across the boundarylayers.

Enhanced heat transport in thermal convection with suspensions of rod-like expandable particles