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To enhance the evacuation efficiency in partially observable asymmetric-exitevacuation under guidance, a general framework of the dynamic guiding assistantsystem is presented to investigate the effect of density control. In thisframework, several evacuation assistants are established to observe the partialinformation of pedestrians' location and adjust the guiding signals of thedynamic guiding assistant systems. A simple on-off-based density controlalgorithm is proposed for the evacuation assistants according to the delayeddata of the observed information (i.e., pedestrian densities in the observedregions near the corresponding exits). This paper provides strategicsuggestions on how to set the observed region and the target density byinvolving a force-driven cellular automaton model. It is observed that theproposed density control algorithm can control (positively affect) the globaldistribution of the pedestrians' locations and suppress arching phenomena inthe evacuation process even using the observed partial information under timedelays. By imposing a moderate target density, the dynamic guiding assistantsystem also suppresses the triggers of collisions around the exits and avoidsinefficiently separating the pedestrians. To enhance evacuation efficiency, wereveal an interesting fact without loss of generality that we only need toobserve the pedestrians' location from a small region near the exit instead ofa large region when the time delay of the observed information is slightenough. Our numerical findings are expected to provide new insights intodesigning computer-aided guiding strategies in real evacuations.

Effect of density control in partially observable asymmetric-exit evacuation under guidance: Strategic suggestion under time delay