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Coal mines are globally an important source of methane and also one of thelargest point sources of methane. We present a high-resolution 0.1deg x 0.1degbottom-up gridded emission inventory for methane emissions from coal mines inIndia and Australia, which are among the top five coal-producing countries in2018. The aim is to reduce the uncertainty in local coal mine methane emissionsand to improve the spatial localization to support monitoring and mitigation ofthese emissions. For India, we improve the spatial allocation of the emissionsby identifying the exact location of surface and underground coal mines and weuse a tier-2 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology toestimate the emissions from each coal mine using country-specific emissionfactors. For Australia, we estimate the emission for each coal mine bydistributing the state-level reported total emissions using proxies of coalproduction and the coal basin-specific gas content profile of undergroundmines. Comparison of our total coal mine methane emission from India withexisting global inventories showed our estimates are about a factor 3 lower,but well within the range of the national Indian estimate reported to theUnited Nations framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC). For bothcountries, the new spatial distribution of the emissions shows a largedifference from the global inventories. Our improved emissions dataset will beuseful for air quality or climate modeling and while assessing the satellitemethane observations.

A high-resolution gridded inventory of coal mine methane emissions for India and Australia