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In the given technology-driven era, smart cities are the next frontier oftechnology, aiming at improving the quality of people's lives. Many researchworks focus on future smart cities with a holistic approach towards smart citydevelopment. In this paper, we introduce such future smart cities that leverageblockchain technology in areas like data security, energy and waste management,governance, transport, supply chain, including emergency events, andenvironmental monitoring. Blockchain, being a decentralized immutable ledger,has the potential to promote the development of smart cities by guaranteeingtransparency, data security, interoperability, and privacy. Particularly, usingblockchain in emergency events will provide interoperability between manyparties involved in the response, will increase timeliness of services, andestablish transparency. In that case, if a current fee-based orfirst-come-first-serve-based processing is used, emergency events may getdelayed in being processed due to competition, and thus, threatening people'slives. Thus, there is a need for transaction prioritization based on thepriority of information and quick creation of blocks (variable interval blockcreation mechanism). Also, since the leaders ensure transaction prioritizationwhile generating blocks, leader rotation and proper election procedure becomeimportant for the transaction prioritization process to take place honestly andefficiently. In our consensus protocol, we deploy a machine learning (ML)algorithm to achieve efficient leader election and design a novel dynamic blockcreation algorithm. Also, to ensure honest assessment from the followers on theblocks generated by the leaders, a peer-prediction-based verification mechanismis proposed. Both security analysis and simulation experiments are carried outto demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of our proposed scheme.

Machine Learning Enhanced Blockchain Consensus with Transaction Prioritization for Smart Cities