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Topological magnetic textures are of great interest in various scientific andtechnological fields. To allow for precise control of nanoscale magnetism, itis of great importance to understand the role of intrinsic defects in the hostmaterial. Here, we use conventional and time-resolved Lorentz microscopy tostudy the effect of grain size in polycrystalline permalloy films on thepinning and gyration orbits of vortex cores inside magnetic nanoislands. Toassess static pinning, we use in-plane magnetic fields to shift the core acrossthe island while recording its position. This enables us to produce highlyaccurate two-dimensional maps of pinning sites. Based on this technique, we cangenerate a quantitative map of the pinning potential for the core, which weidentify as being governed by grain boundaries. Furthermore, we investigate theeffects of pinning on the dynamic behavior of the vortex core usingstroboscopic Lorentz microscopy, harnessing a new photoemission source thataccelerates image acquisition by about two orders of magnitude. We findcharacteristic changes to the vortex gyration in the form of increaseddissipation and enhanced bistability in samples with larger grains.

Pinning and gyration dynamics of magnetic vortices revealed by correlative Lorentz and bright-field imaging