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Conventional circulators are made of magnetic ferrites and suffer from acumbersome architecture, incompatibility with integrated circuit technology andinability for high frequency applications. To overcome these limitations, herewe propose a lightweight low-profile non-magnetic circulator comprising anonreciprocal time-varying phase shifter. This circulator is composing anonreciprocal temporal phase shifter and two reciprocal delay-line-based phaseshifters. The proposed nonreciprocal temporal phase shifter is based on thegeneration of time-harmonic signals, enforcing destructive interference forundesired time harmonics and constructive interference for desired timeharmonics at different locations of the structure. Such a unique task isaccomplished through two phase-engineered temporal loops. The phase andfrequency of these two loops are governed by external signals with differentphases, imparting an effective electronic angular momentum to the system. Weobserve large isolation level of greater than 32 dB, a P1dB of +31.7 dBm andIIP3 of +42.4 dBm. Furthermore, this circulator is endowed with areconfigurable architecture and can be directly embedded in a conventionalintegrated circuit (IC) technology to realize a class of high power handlingand linear IC circulators.

Highly Linear Nonmagnetic Circulator Enabled By A Temporal Nonreciprocal Phase Shifter