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Capacitive Deionization (CDI) is a non-energy intensive water treatmenttechnology. To harness the enormous potential of CDI requires improvingperformance, while offering industrially feasible solutions. Following thisidea, the replacement of costly metallic components has been proposed as a meanof limiting corrosion problems. This work explores the use of nanostructuredhybrid networks to enable free-form and metal-free CDI devices. The strategyconsists of producing interpenetrated networks of highly conductive flexiblecarbon nanotube (CNT) fibre fabrics and nanostructured metal oxides,{\gamma}Al2O3 and TiO2, through ultrasound-assisted nanoparticle infiltrationand sintering. In the resulting hybrids, a uniform distribution of porous metaloxide is firmly attached to the nanocarbon network while the flexibility, highconductivity and low-dimensional properties of the CNTs are preserved. Theseelectrodes present a high porosity ($105 - 118 m^{2} g^{1}$), notably lowelectrical ($< 0,1 k \Omega cm^{2}$) and low charge transfer resistance (4{\Omega}), thus enabling the infiltration of aqueous electrolytes and servingas current collector. In this work we built a large asymmetrical cylindricalCDI device solely made of these electrodes and conventional plastics. The cellprovides, high average salt adsorption rates of $1.16 mg /g_{AM} min$ ($0.23mg/g_{CDIunit} min$, low energy consumption ($0.18 Wh/g_{salt}$) and stableelectrochemical performance above 50 cycles for brackish water desalination.

Low-energy consumption, free-form capacitive deionisation through nanostructured networks