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Millimeter-wave rotary-wing (RW) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) air-to-ground(A2G) links face unpredictable Doppler effect arising from the inevitablewobbling of RW UAV. Moreover, the time-varying channel characteristics duringtransmission lead to inaccurate channel estimation, which in turn results inthe deteriorated bit error probability performance of the UAV A2G link. Thispaper studies the impact of mechanical wobbling on the Doppler effect of themillimeter-wave wireless channel between a hovering RW UAV and a ground node.Our contributions of this paper lie in: i) modeling the wobbling process of ahovering RW UAV; ii) developing an analytical model to derive the channeltemporal autocorrelation function (ACF) for the millimeter-wave RW UAV A2G linkin a closed-form expression; and iii) investigating how RW UAV wobbling impactsthe Doppler effect on the millimeter-wave RW UAV A2G link. Numerical resultsshow that different RW UAV wobbling patterns impact the amplitude and thefrequency of ACF oscillation in the millimeter-wave RW UAV A2G link. For UAVwobbling, the channel temporal ACF decreases quickly and the impact of theDoppler effect is significant on the millimeter-wave A2G link.

Impact of Rotary-Wing UAV Wobbling on Millimeter-wave Air-to-Ground Wireless Channel