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We present a theory of light scattering consistent with modern physics. Weproposed a spatial-temporal model of a photon based on classical model ofatomic oscillator. Using this photon model, we established a criterion forsingle vs multi-photon irradiation of matter. We demonstrated that theassumption that induced dipole radiation can be of infinitely small power isinconsistent with quantum mechanics. We proposed the energy criteria forscattering of a photon on single and multiple atoms and free electrons. Thiscriterion revealed the limitations and applicability of Rayleigh's andThomson's models of scattering. According to our theory, light scattering is athreshold process, and the scattering can only take place for those photonswith wavelengths shorter than some threshold. Using our model, we computed theloss of energy by a photon with wavelengths longer than the scatteringthreshold during interaction with bound and free electrons. We showed that asingle photon can lose energy in collisionless interaction with atoms,molecules, and free electrons. The new theoretical model predicts the red shiftof photon wavelength resulting from such interactions. In particular, itprovides an explanation for the blue color of sky and an alternativeexplanation for the cosmological red shift.

Different Perspective on Blue Sky Theory: Theory of Single-Photon Scattering on Bound and Free Electrons