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The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools intomechanical devices found in aviation industry has raised security concerns. Themore integrated the system, the more vulnerable due to the inherentvulnerabilities found in ICT tools and software that drives the system. Thesecurity concerns have become more heightened as the concept ofelectronic-enabled aircraft and smart airports get refined and implementedunderway. In line with the above, this paper undertakes a review ofcyber-security incidence in the aviation sector over the last 20 years. Theessence is to understand the common threat actors, their motivations, the typeof attacks, aviation infrastructure that is commonly attacked and then matchthese so as to provide insight on the current state of the cyber-security inthe aviation sector. The review showed that the industry's threats come mainlyfrom Advance Persistent Threat (APT) groups that work in collaboration withsome state actors to steal intellectual property and intelligence, in order toadvance their domestic aerospace capabilities as well as possibly monitor,infiltrate and subvert other nations' capabilities. The segment of the aviationindustry commonly attacked is the Information Technology infrastructure, andthe prominent type of attacks is malicious hacking activities that aim atgaining unauthorised access using known malicious password cracking techniquessuch as Brute force attacks, Dictionary attacks and so on. The review furtheranalysed the different attack surfaces that exist in aviation industry, threatdynamics, and use these dynamics to predict future trends of cyberattacks inthe industry. The aim is to provide information for the cybersecurityprofessionals and aviation stakeholders for proactive actions in protectingthese critical infrastructures against cyberincidence for an optimal customerservice oriented industry.

Cyber-Security Challenges in Aviation Industry: A Review of Current and Future Trends