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Microorganisms living in microfluidic environments often form multi-speciesswarms, where they can leverage collective motions to achieve enhancedtransport and spreading. Nevertheless, there is a general lack of physicalunderstandings of the origins of the multiscale unstable dynamics observedwithin these systems. Here, we build a computational model to study binarysuspensions of rear- and front-actuated microswimmers, or respectively theso-called "pusher" and "puller" particles, that have different populations andswimming speeds. We perform direct particle simulations to reveal thatcollective system dynamics are possible even in the scenario of an"activity-balanced" mixture, which produces near zero mean extra stress. Wefirst construct a continuum kinetic model to describe the initial transientperiod when the system is near uniform isotropy and then perform linearstability analysis to reveal the system's finite-wavelength hydrodynamicinstabilities, in contrast with the long-wavelength instabilities of purepusher/puller suspensions. Then, we carry out slender-body discrete particlesimulations to resolve both the short time instabilities and the the longtimedynamics, which feature non-trivial density fluctuations andspatially-correlated motions, distinct from those of single-species.

Hydrodynamic instabilities and collective dynamics in activity-balanced pusher-puller mixtures