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The innovation provided by network virtualization in 5G, together withstandardization and openness boosted by the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN)Alliance, has paved the way to a collaborative future in cellular systems,driven by flexible network sharing. Such advents are expected to attract newplayers like content providers and verticals, increasing competitiveness in thetelecom market. However, scalability and trust issues are expected to arise,given the criticality of ownership traceability and resource exchanging in asharing ecosystem. To address that, we propose integrating blockchaintechnology for enabling mobile operators and other players to exchange RANresources (e.g., infrastructure) in the form of virtual network functions (VNF)autonomously and dynamically. Blockchain will provide automation, robustness,trustworthiness, and reliability to mobile networks, thus bringing confidenceto open RAN environments. In particular, we define a novel O-RAN-basedblockchain-enabled architecture that allows automating RAN sharing proceduresthrough either auction or marketplace-based mechanisms. The potentialadvantages of the proposed solution are demonstrated through simulationresults. The used simulation platform is openly released.

Blockchain-enabled Network Sharing for O-RAN in 5G and Beyond