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Precise measurement of multi-parameters of ultrafast lasers is vital both inscientific investigations and technical applications, such as, optical fieldmanipulation, pulse shaping, sample characteristics test, and biomedicalimaging. Tremendous progress in parameter measurement of ultrafast laser hasbeen made, including single-shot spectra acquired by time-stretch dispersiveFourier transform in spectral domain, and pulse magnification or compressionrealized by time lens in temporal domain. Nevertheless, single-shot measurementof frequency-resolved states of polarization (SOPs) of ultrafast lasers has notbeen reported so far, and the unregular SOP evolution dynamics in ultrafastpulses is hardly explored. Here, we demonstrate a new single-shotfrequency-resolved SOPs measurement system by utilizing division-of-amplitudemethod under far-field approximation. Large dispersion is utilized totime-stretch the laser pulses, where the spectrum information is mapped intotemporal waveform via dispersive Fourier transform. By calibrating systemmatrix with different wavelengths, the precise frequency-resolved SOPs areobtained together with high speed opto-electron detection. We demonstrateapplications in direct measurement of transient mode-locked fiber laserdynamics. We observe complex frequency-dependent SOPs dynamics in the buildingup of dissipative solitons, and apparent discrepancy of SOPs between sidebandand main peak in conventional solitons. Our observations reveal that the SOPplays a far more complex part in mode-locking process, which is different fromthe traditional viewpoint. Taking advantage of broadband achromatic opticalelements, this method can be extended to measurement of much broad pulselasers, which will pave the way for reliable measurement and precise control ofultrafast lasers with frequency-resolved SOPs structures.

Single-shot measurement of frequency-resolved state of polarization dynamics in ultrafast lasers using dispersed division-of-amplitude