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Content-independent watermarks and block-wise independency can be consideredas vulnerabilities in semi-fragile watermarking methods. In this paper toachieve the objectives of semi-fragile watermarking techniques, a method isproposed to not have the mentioned shortcomings. In the proposed method, thewatermark is generated by relying on image content and a key. Furthermore, theembedding scheme causes the watermarked blocks to become dependent on eachother, using a key. In the embedding phase, the image is partitioned intonon-overlapping blocks. In order to detect and separate the different types ofattacks more precisely, the proposed method embeds three copies of eachwatermark bit into LWT coefficients of each 4x4 block. In the authenticationphase, by voting between the extracted bits the error maps are created; thesemaps indicate image authenticity and reveal the modified regions. Also, inorder to automate the authentication, the images are classified into fourcategories using seven features. Classification accuracy in the experiments is97.97 percent. It is noted that our experiments demonstrate that the proposedmethod is robust against JPEG compression and is competitive with astate-of-the-art semi-fragile watermarking method, in terms of robustness andsemi-fragility.

Image content dependent semi-fragile watermarking with localized tamper detection