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While structural colors are ubiquitous in nature, saturated reds aremysteriously absent. Hence, a longstanding problem is in fabricatingnanostructured surfaces that exhibit reflectance approaching the theoreticallimit. This limit is termed the Schrodinger red and demands sharp spectraltransitions from "stopband" to a high reflectance "passband" with totalsuppression of higher-order resonances at blue and green wavelengths. Currentapproaches based on metallic or dielectric nanoantennas are insufficient tosimultaneously meet these conditions. Here, for the 1st time, we designed andfabricated tall Si nanoantenna arrays on quartz substrate to support twopartially overlapping y polarized quasi bound-state-in-the-continuum (q-BIC)modes in the red wavelengths with sharp spectral edges. These structuresproduce possibly the most saturated and brightest reds with ~80% reflectance,exceeding the red vertex in sRGB and even the cadmium red pigment. We employeda gradient descent algorithm with structures supporting q BIC as the startingpoint. Although the current design is polarization dependent, the proposedparadigm has enabled us to achieve the elusive structural red and the designprinciple could be generalized to Schrodinger's pixels of other colors. Thedesign is suitable for scale up using other nanofabrication techniques forlarger area applications, such as red pixels in displays, decorative coatings,and miniaturized spectrometers with high wavelength selectivity.

Schrodinger's Red Pixel by Quasi Bound-State-In-Continuum