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The interplay between electronic properties and optical response enables therealization of novel types of materials with tunable responses. Superconductorsare well known to exhibit profound changes in the electronic structure relatedto the formation of Cooper pairs, yet their influence on the electromagneticresponse in the optical regime has remained largely unstudied. Photonicsmetamaterials offer new opportunities to enhance the light-matter interaction,boosting the influence of subtle effects on the optical response. Thecombination of photonic metamaterials and superconducting quantum circuits willhave the potential to advance quantum computing and quantum communicationtechnologies. Here, we introduce subwavelength photonic nano-grating circuitarrays on the facet of niobium thin films to enhance light-matter interactionat fiber optic communication frequencies. We find that optical resonance shiftsto longer wavelengths with increasing nano-grating circuit periodicity,indicating a clear modulation of optical light with geometrical parameters ofthe device. Next to the prominent subwavelength resonance, we find a secondfeature consisting of adjacent dip and peak appears at slightly shorterwavelengths around the diffraction condition Py= lambda, corresponding to theWood and Rayleigh anomalies of the first order grating diffraction. Theobserved tunable plasmonic photo-response in such compact and integratednano-circuitry enables new types of metamaterial and plasmonics-basedmodulators, sensors, and bolometer devices.

Light-matter interactions in chip-integrated niobium nano-circuit arrays at optical fibre communication frequencies