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The converter control functions to provide the capabilities similar tosynchronous generators are referred to as grid forming converters (GFC).Identical to a synchronous machine, a grid forming converter is expected tobehave as a voltage source behind an impedance beyond the control bandwidth.However, GFC's realization has been different, with some utilizes inner currentand voltage controllers while others do not. This paper studies the impact ofthe inner loop on the grid forming converter's ability to behave as a voltagesource behind an impedance. Three of the most popular GFC structures, 1) GFCwith cascaded voltage and current control, 2) with inner current control, 3)with no inner loop, are chosen for the comparison. The analysis revealed thatMW level GFC with inner loops could potentially go unstable under weak powersystem. Additionally, the GFC with cascaded control can only operate stablywithin a narrow range of network impedances. Furthermore, it is also shown thatslow response behavior based on cascaded inner loop can impact on dynamicreactive and active power-sharing.

Comparative assessment of typical controlrealizations of grid forming converters based ontheir voltage source behaviour