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In quantum mechanics, entanglement and correlations are not just a meresporadic curiosity, but rather common phenomena at the basis of an interactingquantum system. In electron microscopy, such concepts have not been extensivelyexplored yet in all their implications; in particular, inelastic scattering canbe reanalyzed in terms of correlation between the electron beam and the sample.While classical inelastic scattering simply implies loss of coherence in theelectron beam, performing a joint measurement on the electron beam and thesample excitation could restore the coherence and the lost information. Here,we propose to exploit joint measurement in electron microscopy for a surprisingand counter-intuitive application of the concept of ghost imaging. Ghostimaging, first proposed in quantum photonics, can be applied partially inelectron microscopy by performing joint measurement between the portion of thetransmitted electron beam and a photon emitted from the sample reaching abucket detector. This would permit us to form a one-dimensional virtual imageof an object that even has not interacted with the electron beam directly. Thistechnique is extremely promising for low-dose imaging that requires theminimization of radiation exposure for electron-sensitive materials, becausethe object interacts with other form of waves, e.g., photons/surface plasmonpolaritons, and not the electron beam. We demonstrate this concepttheoretically for any inelastic electron-sample interaction in which theelectron excites a single quantum of a collective mode, such as a photon,plasmon, phonon, magnon, or any optical polariton.

One-dimensional ghost imaging with an electron microscope: a route towards ghost imaging with inelastically scattered electrons