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Many city residents cannot install their private electric vehicle (EV)chargers due to the lack of dedicated parking spaces or insufficient gridcapacity. This presents a significant barrier towards large-scale EV adoption.To address this concern, this paper considers a novel business model, on-demandvalet charging, that unlocks the potential of under-utilized public charginginfrastructure to promise higher EV penetration. In the proposed model, aplatform recruits a fleet of couriers that shuttle between customers and publiccharging stations to provide on-demand valet charging services to EV owners atan affordable price. Couriers are dispatched to pick up low-battery EVs fromcustomers, deliver the EVs to charging stations, plug them in, and then returnthe fully-charged EVs to customers. To depict the proposed business model, wedevelop a queuing network to represent the stochastic matching dynamics, andfurther formulate an economic equilibrium model to capture the incentives ofcouriers, customers as well as the platform. These models are used to examinehow charging infrastructure planning and regulatory intervention will affectthe market outcome. First, we find that the optimal charging station densitiesfor distinct stakeholders are different: couriers prefer a lower density; theplatform prefers a higher density; while the density in-between leads to thehighest EV penetration as it balances the time traveling to and queuing atcharging stations. Second, we evaluate a regulatory policy that imposes a taxon the platform and invests the tax revenue in public charging infrastructure.Numerical results suggest that this regulation can suppress the platform'smarket power associated with monopoly pricing, increase social welfare, andfacilitate the market expansion.

On-Demand Valet Charging for Electric Vehicles: Economic Equilibrium, Infrastructure Planning and Regulatory Incentives