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Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are one of the foremosttechnological enablers of future wireless systems. They improve communicationand localization by providing a strong non-line-of-sight path to the receiver.In this paper, we propose a pilot transmission method to enable the receiver toseparate signals arriving from different RISs and from the uncontrolledmultipath. This facilitates channel estimation and localization, as the channelor its geometric parameters can be estimated for each path separately. Ourmethod is based on designing temporal phase profiles that are orthogonal acrossRISs without affecting the RIS beamforming capabilities. We take intoconsideration the limited resolution of the RIS phase shifters and show that inthe presence of this practical limitation, orthogonal phase profiles can bedesigned based on Butson-type Hadamard matrices. For a localization scenario,we show that with our proposed method the estimator can attain the theoreticallower bound even with one-bit RIS phase resolution.

Multi-RIS Discrete-Phase Encoding for Interpath-Interference-Free Channel Estimation