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Video streaming became an undivided part of the Internet. To efficientlyutilize the limited network bandwidth it is essential to encode the videocontent. However, encoding is a computationally intensive task, involvinghigh-performance resources provided by private infrastructures or publicclouds. Public clouds, such as Amazon EC2, provide a large portfolio ofservices and instances optimized for specific purposes and budgets. Themajority of Amazon instances use x86 processors, such as Intel Xeon or AMDEPYC. However, following the recent trends in computer architecture, Amazonintroduced Arm-based instances that promise up to 40% better cost-performanceratio than comparable x86 instances for specific workloads. We evaluate in thispaper the video encoding performance of x86 and Arm instances of four instancefamilies using the latest FFmpeg version and two video codecs. We examine theimpact of the encoding parameters, such as different presets and bitrates, onthe time and cost for encoding. Our experiments reveal that Arm instances showhigh time and cost-saving potential of up to 33.63% for specific bitrates andpresets, especially for the x264 codec. However, the x86 instances are moregeneral and achieve low encoding times, regardless of the codec.

Where to Encode: A Performance Analysis of x86 and Arm-based Amazon EC2 Instances