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Cell-free massive MIMO and symbiotic radio are promising beyond 5G (B5G)networking architecture and transmission technology, respectively. This paperstudies cell-free symbiotic radio systems, where a number of distributed accesspoints (APs) cooperatively send primary information to a receiver, andsimultaneously support the backscattering communication of the secondarybackscatter device (BD). An efficient two-phase uplink-training based channelestimation method is proposed to estimate the direct-link channel and cascadedbackscatter channel, and the achievable primary and secondary communicationrates taking into account the channel estimation errors are derived.Furthermore, to achieve a flexible trade-off between the primary and secondarycommunication rates, we propose a low-complexity weighted-maximal-ratiotransmission (weighted-MRT) beamforming scheme, which only requires localprocessing at each AP without having to exchange the estimated channel stateinformation. Simulation results are provided to show the impact of the channeltraining lengths on the performance of the cell-free symbiotic radio systems.

Cell-Free Symbiotic Radio: Channel Estimation Method and Achievable Rate Analysis