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The total number of electrons in a classical microplasma can benon-intrusively measured through elastic in-phase coherent microwave scattering(CMS). Here, we establish a theoretical basis for the CMS diagnostic techniquewith an emphasis on Thomson and collisional scattering in short, thinunmagnetized plasma media. Experimental validation of the diagnostic issubsequently performed via linearly polarized, variable frequency microwavescattering off laser induced air-based microplasmas with diverse ionization andcollisional features. Namely, conducted studies include a verification ofshort-dipole-like radiation behavior, plasma volume imaging via intensifiedcharge-coupled device (ICCD) photography, and measurements of relative phases,total scattering cross sections, and total number of electrons $N_e$ in thegenerated plasma filaments following absolute calibration using a dielectricscattering sample. Findings of the paper suggest an ideality of the diagnosticin the Thomson "free-electron" regime - where a detailed knowledge of plasmaand collisional properties (which are often difficult to accuratelycharacterize due to the potential influence of inhomogeneities, localtemperatures and densities, present species, and so on) is unnecessary toextract $N_e$ from the scattered signal.

Thomson and Collisional Regimes of In-Phase Coherent Microwave Scattering Off Gaseous Microplasmas