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Kerala, the south-west coastal state of India, was ravaged by a series offloods during the South-West Monsoon of 2018. The season was marked by severelyanomalous rainfall trends, with upto 150 mm of departures from the mean dailyprecipitation in the northern districts of the State. Although, there were manystudies about the hydrogeological factors which aggravated the floods inKerala, no attempt was made to delve into the physics which actually resultedin anomalous precipitation during the year. This study intends to document thedynamical phenomenon which caused the Kerala Floods of 2018. The westwardpropagating convectively-coupled Mixed Rossby-Gravity (MRG) waves were excitedby the synoptic disturbances of the tropical Pacific at the pressure level of700 hPa, during the Indian Monsoon of 2018. They travelled across the IndianOcean in two significant modes -- a predominant slow moving wave of 20-40 daysperiod (as Madden-Julian Oscillation) and a secondary faster wave of 5-8 daysperiod. They are characterised by vertical phase propagation to the uppertroposphere, a precursor to deep convection and intense precipitation. Further,the propagation of these waves through a medium enhances its relative vorticityand the gyres or circulations thus formed are symmetrical about the equator.Consequently, the meanders in the wind field and widening of the IntertropicalConvergence Zone were observed. The MRG waves, especially the slow mode induceddivergence in the wind field, which fueled convection in tropics and broughtvery heavy rainfall to the State of Kerala in 2018.

Understanding Kerala Floods of 2018: Role of Mixed Rossby-Gravity waves