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Several models have been proposed to describe the dynamics of epithelialtissues undergoing morphogenetic changes driven by apical constriction pulses,which differ in where the constriction is applied, either at the perimeter ormedial regions. To help discriminate between these models, using the vertexmodel for epithelial dynamics, we analysed the impact of where the constrictionis applied on the final geometry of the active cell that is reducing its apicalsize. We find that medial activity, characterised by a reduction in thereference area in the vertex model, induces symmetry breaking and generatesanisotropic cell shapes, while isotropic cell shapes and larger contractionsoccur when the reference perimeter in the model is reduced. When plasticity isincluded, sufficiently slow processes of medial contractile activity, comparedwith typical apical constriction pulses, can also achieve significant cellcontraction. Finally, we apply the model to describe the active apicalcontractile pulses observed during cellular mitotic events within theepithelial enveloping cell layer in the developing annual killifishAustrolebias nigripinnis, being able to quantitatively describe the temporalevolution of cell shape changes when perimeter activity and area plasticity areincluded. A global fit of all parameters of the vertex model is provided.

Modelling of active contraction pulses in epithelial cells using the vertex model