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Operating in an unprecedented contrast regime ($10^{-7}$ to $10^{-9}$), theRoman Coronagraph Instrument (CGI) will serve as a pathfinder for keytechnologies needed for future Earth-finding missions. The Roman ExoplanetImaging Data Challenge (Roman EIDC) was a community engagement effort thattasked participants with extracting exoplanets and their orbits for a 47UMa-like target star, given: (1) 15 years of simulated precursor radialvelocity (RV) data, and (2) six epochs of simulated imaging taken over thecourse of the Roman mission. The Roman EIDC simulated images include 4 epochswith CGI's Hybrid Lyot Coronagraph (HLC) plus 2 epochs with a starshade (SS)assumed to arrive as part of a Starshade Rendezvous later in the mission. Here,we focus on our in-house analysis of the outermost planet, for which thestarshade's higher throughput and lower noise floor present a factor of ~4improvement in signal-to-noise ratio over the narrow-field HLC. We find that,although the RV detection was marginal, the precursor RV data enable the massand orbit to be constrained with only 2 epochs of starshade imaging. Includingthe HLC images in the analysis results in improved measurements over RV + SSalone, with the greatest gains resulting from images taken at epochs nearmaximum elongation. Combining the two epochs of SS imaging with the RV + HLCdata resulted in a factor of ~2 better orbit and mass determinations over RV +HLC alone. The Roman CGI, combined with precursor RV data and later mission SSimaging, form a powerful trifecta in detecting exoplanets and determining theirmasses, albedos, and system configurations. While the Roman CGI will break newscientific and technological ground with direct imaging of giant exoplanetswithin ~5 AU of V~5 and brighter stars, a Roman Starshade Rendezvous missionwould additionally enable the detection of planets out to ~8 AU in thosesystems.

A Community Exoplanet Imaging Data Challenge for Roman CGI and Starshade Rendezvous