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Video conferencing applications (VCAs) have become a critical Internetapplication, even more so during the COVID-19 pandemic, as users worldwide nowrely on them for work, school, and telehealth. It is thus increasinglyimportant to understand the resource requirements of different VCAs and howthey perform under different network conditions, including: how much speed(upstream and downstream throughput) a VCA needs to support high quality ofexperience; how VCAs perform under temporary reductions in available capacity;how they compete with themselves, with each other, and with other applications;and how usage modality (e.g., number of participants) affects utilization. Westudy three modern VCAs: Zoom, Google Meet, and Microsoft Teams. Answers tothese questions differ substantially depending on VCA. First, the averageutilization on an unconstrained link varies between 0.8 Mbps and 1.9 Mbps.Given temporary reduction of capacity, some VCAs can take as long as 50 secondsto recover to steady state. Differences in proprietary congestion controlalgorithms also result in unfair bandwidth allocations: in constrainedbandwidth settings, one Zoom video conference can consume more than 75% of theavailable bandwidth when competing with another VCA (e.g., Meet, Teams). Forsome VCAs, client utilization can decrease as the number of participantsincreases, due to the reduced video resolution of each participant's videostream given a larger number of participants. Finally, one participant'sviewing mode (e.g., pinning a speaker) can affect the upstream utilization ofother participants.

Measuring the Performance and Network Utilization of Popular Video Conferencing Applications