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We propose separating the task of reliable transaction dissemination fromtransaction ordering, to enable high-performance Byzantine fault-tolerantquorum-based consensus. We design and evaluate a mempool protocol, Narwhal,specializing in high-throughput reliable dissemination and storage of causalhistories of transactions. Narwhal tolerates an asynchronous network andmaintains high performance despite failures. Narwhal is designed to easilyscale-out using multiple workers at each validator, and we demonstrate thatthere is no foreseeable limit to the throughput we can achieve. ComposingNarwhal with a partially synchronous consensus protocol (Narwhal-HotStuff)yields significantly better throughput even in the presence of faults orintermittent loss of liveness due to asynchrony. However, loss of liveness canresult in higher latency. To achieve overall good performance when faults occurwe design Tusk, a zero-message overhead asynchronous consensus protocol, towork with Narwhal. We demonstrate its high performance under a variety ofconfigurations and faults. As a summary of results, on a WAN, Narwhal-Hotstuffachieves over 130,000 tx/sec at less than 2-sec latency compared with 1,800tx/sec at 1-sec latency for Hotstuff. Additional workers increase throughputlinearly to 600,000 tx/sec without any latency increase. Tusk achieves 160,000tx/sec with about 3 seconds latency. Under faults, both protocols maintain highthroughput, but Narwhal-HotStuff suffers from increased latency.

Narwhal and Tusk: A DAG-based Mempool and Efficient BFT Consensus