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Two-dimensional Talbot array illuminators (TAIs) were designed, fabricated,and evaluated for high-resolution high-contrast x-ray phase imaging of softtissue at 10-20keV. The TAIs create intensity modulations with a highcompression ratio on the micrometer scale at short propagation distances. Theirperformance was compared with various other wavefront markers in terms ofperiod, visibility, flux efficiency and flexibility to be adapted for limitedbeam coherence and detector resolution. Differential x-ray phase contrast anddark-field imaging were demonstrated with a one-dimensional, linear phasestepping approach yielding two-dimensional phase sensitivity using UnifiedModulated Pattern Analysis (UMPA) for phase retrieval. The method was employedfor x-ray phase computed tomography reaching a resolution of 3$\mu$m on anunstained murine artery. It opens new possibilities for three-dimensional,non-destructive, and quantitative imaging of soft matter such as virtualhistology. The phase modulators can also be used for various other x-rayapplications such as dynamic phase imaging, super-resolution structuredillumination microscopy, or wavefront sensing.

High resolution and sensitivity bi-directional x-ray phase contrast imaging using 2D Talbot array illuminators