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Recovering postdisaster communications has become a major challenge forsearch and rescue. Device-to-device (D2D) and device-to-vehicle (D2V) networkshave drawn attention. However, due to the limited D2D coverage and onboardenergy, establishing a hybrid D2D and D2V network is promising. In thisarticle, we jointly establish, optimize, and fuse D2D and D2V networks tosupport energy-efficient emergency communications. First, we establish a D2Dnetwork by optimally dividing ground devices (GDs) into multiple clusters andidentifying temporary data caching centers (TDCCs) from GDs in clusters.Accordingly, emergency data returned from GDs is cached in TDCCs. Second, giventhe distribution of TDCCs, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are dispatched tofetch data from TDCCs. Therefore, we establish a UAV-assisted D2V networkthrough path planning and network configuration optimization. Specifically,optimal path planning is implemented using cascaded waypoint and motionplanning and optimal network configurations are determined by multiobjectiveoptimization. Consequently, the best tradeoff between emergency response timeand energy consumption is achieved, subject to a given set of constraints onsignal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios, the number of UAVs, transmit power,and energy. Simulation results show that our proposed approach outperformsbenchmark schemes in terms of energy efficiency, contributing to large-scalepostdisaster emergency response.

Hybrid Device-to-Device and Device-to-Vehicle Networks for Energy-Efficient Emergency Communications