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Power grids are traditionally dominated by synchronous generators (SGs) butare currently undergoing a major transformation through the increasingintegration of inverter-based resources (IBRs). The SG-dominated grid istraditionally analyzed in a mechanical-centric view which ignores fastelectrical dynamics and focuses on the torque-speed dynamics. By contrast,analysis of the emergent IBR-dominated grid usually takes theelectrical-centric view which focuses on the voltage-current interaction. Inthis article, a port-mapping method is proposed to fill the gap between theseapproaches and combine them in a unified model. Specifically, the mechanicaldynamics are mapped to the electrical impedance seen at the electrical port;and the electrical dynamics are also mapped to the torque coefficient seen atthe mechanical port. The bidirectional mapping gives additional flexibility andinsights to analyze the sub-system interactions in whole-system dynamics andguide the tuning of parameter. Application of the proposed method isillustrated in three cases with increasing scales, namely asingle-SG-infinite-bus system, a single-IBR-weak-grid system, and a modifiedIEEE 14-bus SG-IBR composite system.

Mapping of Dynamics between Mechanical and Electrical Ports in SG-IBR Composite Grids