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The potential of intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) is investigated as apromising technique for enhancing the energy efficiency of wireless networks.Specifically, the IRS enables passive beamsteering by employing many low-costindividually controllable reflect elements. The resulting change of the channelstate, however, increases both, signal quality and interference at the users.To counteract this negative side effect, we employ rate splitting (RS), whichinherently is able to mitigate the impact of interference. We facilitatepractical implementation by considering a Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) atthe cost of finite fronthaul-link capacities, which necessitate the allocationof sensible user-centric clusters to ensure energy-efficient transmissions.Dynamic methods for RS and the user clustering are proposed to account for theinterdependencies of the individual techniques. Numerical results show that thedynamic RS method establishes synergistic benefits between RS and the IRS.Additionally, the dynamic user clustering and the IRS cooperatesynergistically, with a gain of up to 88% when compared to the static scheme.Interestingly, with an increasing fronthaul capacity, the gain of the dynamicuser clustering decreases, while the gain of the dynamic RS method increases.Around the resulting intersection, both methods affect the system concurrently,improving the energy efficiency drastically.

Synergistic Benefits in IRS- and RS-enabled C-RAN with Energy-Efficient Clustering