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Depending on their chemical composition, Yb compounds often exhibit differentvalence states. Here we investigate the valence state of YbFe$_4$Al$_8$ usingX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and first-principles calculaions. TheXPS valence band of YbFe$_4$Al$_8$ consists of two contributions coming fromdivalent (Yb$^{2+}$) and trivalent (Yb$^{3+}$) configurations. The determinedvalue of the valence at room temperature is 2.81. Divalent and trivalentcontributions are also observed for core-level Yb 4$d$ XPS spectra. We studyseveral collinear antiferromagnetic models of YbFe$_4$Al$_8$ from thefirst-principles and for comparison we also consider LuFe$_4$Al$_8$ with afully filled 4$f$ shell. We predict that only Fe sublattices of YbFe$_4$Al$_8$carry significant magnetic moments and that the most stable magneticconfiguration is AFM-C with antiparallel columns of magnetic moments. We alsopresent a Mullliken electronic population analysis describing charge transferboth within and between atoms. In addition, we also study the effect ofintra-atomic Coulomb U repulsion term applied for 4$f$ orbitals on Yb valenceand Fe magnetic moments.

Electronic structure of YbFe$_4$Al$_8$ antiferromagnet: A combined X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and first-principles study