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Paramagnetic luminescent impurities in solids such as Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV)centers in diamond represent a promising and versatile platform for thedevelopment of a wide range of chemical and biological sensors. This goal canbe accomplished by the placement of chemically active, spin (electron ornuclear) labeled moiety on the surface in the close vicinity of a shallowsingle paramagnetic center. In this paper, we demonstrate that the ForsterResonant Excitation Transfer driven process where luminescent center plays arole of excitation donor can accomplish such a goal with high chemicalefficiency, positionally precise and a scalable manner. We obtain theprobability distribution function of the sensing group position relative to theluminescent center (NV center) and demonstrate that the functionalizationposition uncertainty is equal to the luminescent center deposition depth. Theefficiency of the FRET process is analyzed as a function of the luminescentcenter deposition depth and the density of the excitation acceptor sites.Employing the geometric information of the surface-functionalized sensinggroups, we obtain the probability distribution function of the energy gap inthe spectrum of a spin-based detection system. This information allows us toestimate the single-molecule detection capabilities of the proposed system.

Positionally precise functionalization of shallow luminescent centers through Forster Resonant Energy Transfer (FRET) driven surface photochemistry