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Cardiac muscle contraction is initiated by an elementary Ca signal (called Caspark) which is achieved by collective action of Ca release channels in acluster. The mechanism of this synchronization remains uncertain. This paperapproaches Ca spark activation as an emergent phenomenon of an interactivesystem of release channels. We construct a Markov chain that applies an Isingmodel formalism to such release channel clusters and realistic open channelconfigurations to demonstrate that spark activation is described as a systemtransition from a metastable to an absorbing state, analogous to the pressurerequired to overcome surface tension in bubble formation. This yieldsquantitative estimates of the spark generation probability as a function ofvarious system parameters. Our model of the release channel system yieldssimilar results for the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca concentration threshold forspark activation as previous experimental results, providing a mechanisticexplanation of the spark initiation. Additionally, we perform numericalsimulations to find spark probabilities as a function of sarcoplasmic reticulumCa concentration obtaining similar values for spark activation threshold as ouranalytic model, as well as those reported in experimental studies.

Elementary Intracellular Ca Signals are Initiated by a Transition of Release Channel System from a Metastable State