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Shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) can have significant impacts on thetransport system and land use by replacing private vehicles. Sharing vehicleswithout drivers is expected to reduce parking demand, and as a side effect,increase congestion owing to the empty fleets made by SAVs picking up travelersand relocating. Although the impact may not be uniform over a region ofinterest owing to the heterogeneity of travel demand distribution and networkconfiguration, few studies have debated such impact at a local scale, such asin transportation analysis zones (TAZs). To understand the impact in relationto geographical situations, this study aims to estimate the impacts of SAVs atthe local scale by simulating their operation on a developed simulator. Usingthe mainland of Okinawa, Japan as a case study, it was found that parkingdemand was reduced the most in residence-dominant zones in terms of quantityand in office-dominant zones in terms of proportion. As a side effect ofreplacing private vehicles with SAVs, empty fleets increase congestion,particularly at the periphery of the city. Overall, the results show theheterogeneous impacts of the SAVs at the TAZ level on both land use andtraffic, thus suggesting the importance of developing appropriate strategiesfor urban and transport planning when considering the characteristics of thezones.

Impacts of shared autonomous vehicles: Tradeoff between parking demand reduction and congestion increase