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With populations ageing, the number of people with dementia worldwide isexpected to triple to 152 million by 2050. Seventy percent of cases are due toAlzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and there is a 10-20 year 'pre-clinical'period before significant cognitive decline occurs. We urgently need, costeffective, objective methods to detect AD, and other dementias, at an earlystage. Risk factor modification could prevent 40% of cases and drug trialswould have greater chances of success if participants are recruited at anearlier stage. Currently, detection of dementia is largely by pen and papercognitive tests but these are time consuming and insensitive to pre-clinicalphases. Specialist brain scans and body fluid biomarkers can detect theearliest stages of dementia but are too invasive or expensive for widespreaduse. With the advancement of technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI) showspromising results in assisting with detection of early-stage dementia. ExistingAI-aided methods and potential future research directions are reviewed anddiscussed.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence to aid detection of dementia: a narrative review on current capabilities and future directions