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Germany has become a major country of immigration, as well as a researchpowerhouse in Europe. As Germany spends a higher fraction of its GDP onresearch and development than most countries with advanced economies, there isan expectation that Germany should be able to attract and retain internationalscholars who have high citation performance. Using an exhaustive set of overeight million Scopus publications, we analyze the trends in internationalmigration to and from Germany among published researchers over the past 24years. We assess changes in institutional affiliations for over one millionresearchers who have published with a German affiliation address at some pointduring the 1996-2020 period. We show that while Germany has been highlyintegrated into the global movement of researchers, with particularly strongties to the US, the UK, and Switzerland, the country has been sending morepublished researchers abroad than it has attracted. While the balance has beenlargely negative over time, analyses disaggregated by gender, citationperformance, and field of research show that compositional differences inmigrant flows may help to alleviate persistent gender inequalities in selectedfields.

International Migration in Academia and Citation Performance: An  Analysis of German-Affiliated Researchers by Gender and Discipline Using  Scopus Publications 1996-2020